Vertebral Fracture Assessment or VFA

Vertebral Fracture Assessment or VFA is based on viewing the spine from the side.  This side view compliments DXA and BMD by detecting Vertebral Compression Fractures, which are an indication...

DXA – the Bone Mineral Density Scan

Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry or DXA measures Bone Mineral Density or BMD.  Tests on DXA machines are commonly called bone density scans.  These machines became available over 20 years ago.  The...

Optimal Levels for Vitamin D

In 2010 the “Optimal” level most often quoted at National Osteoporosis Foundation and at American Society for Bone Mineral Research was 32 to 100ng/ml.  This is markedly different from the...